Shuai Zhao,1– 4 Anzhen Wang,1– 4 Yuqin Han,1– 4 ChenXia Song,1– 4 Hongqin Zhang,1– 4 Kongliang He,1– 4 Juan Chen1– 4 

1Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Psychiatry, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hefei, People’s Republic of China

Correspondence: Kongliang He; Juan Chen, Email hefei413@126.com; cachenjuan@163.com

Purpose: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a widespread mental health condition with significant global impact. Exploring the gender differences in the interplay between thyroid function, aggression, and impulsivity offers valuable insights into its multifactorial nature and management.
Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Anhui Mental Health Center and included 113 MDD patients (56 males, 57 females) and 102 healthy controls (45 males and 57 females). Thyroid function was assessed through serum thyroid hormone levels, and impulsivity and aggression were measured using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) and Barratt’s Impulsiveness Scale version 11 (BIS). Potential confounding factors such as age, education, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores were adjusted for.
Results: Both male and female MDD patients showed significant changes in serum thyrotropin levels (F(1,213)=10.996, p=0.001), impulsivity (F(1,213)=151.521, p< 0.05), and aggression (F(1,213)=44.411, p< 0.05) compared to healthy controls. MANCOVA revealed significant differences in attentional impulsivity, motor impulsivity, physical aggression, anger, hostility, and self-directed aggression (all p< 0.05). Moreover, significant differences between genders were observed in these areas (all p< 0.05). In males, TSH levels were inversely related to several behavioral dimensions (all p< 0.05), while no such correlation was found in females.
Conclusion: This study highlights the role of thyroid function, especially TSH levels, in influencing impulsivity and aggression in male MDD patients, suggesting a gender-specific physiological-behavioral relationship. The findings contribute to the development of gender-specific treatment strategies. In the future, longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to explore molecular mechanisms for more personalized treatments.

Keywords: MDD, thyroid function, gender differences, aggressive and impulsive